How did mao impose his authority on china
Learning objective: To understand how Mao imposed his authority on China.
Learning objective: To analyse the motives of Mao in initiating the 'Hundred Flowers' campaign.
Learning objective: To evaluate the success of Mao's economic policies.
Learning objective: To evaluate historians views on whether the Cultural Revolution furthered Mao's power.
Key Learning
The key learning in this unit is to gather evidence and analyze the methods used by Mao and the CCP to establish, consolidate and maintain control of China, embedding a Single Party Authority of the nation. This evidence should ultimately be compared to the methods used by Hitler and the theoretical hypothesis of Authoritarian and Single Party States.
The document below can help you pull together your ideas once you have read, absorbed and analysed the key information.
The document below can help you pull together your ideas once you have read, absorbed and analysed the key information.
| consolidation_and_maintenance__of_power_in_a_single_party_state.docx |
The creation of the people's republic of china
Learning objective: To understand how Mao imposed his authority on China.
In 1949 the People's Republic of China was established. The period of the 1950's was characterised by a consolidation of power through the party and the People's Liberation Army. You should be aware of the following ways that power was consolidated:
You should take notes on the above using pages 120 to 124 from Access to History.
Lesson Tasks
In 1949 the People's Republic of China was established. The period of the 1950's was characterised by a consolidation of power through the party and the People's Liberation Army. You should be aware of the following ways that power was consolidated:
- The structure of the PRC
- The structure of the government
- The imposition of military control
- The anti-movements
- The anti-landlord campaigns
You should take notes on the above using pages 120 to 124 from Access to History.
Lesson Tasks
- Download, read and make notes from the Lesson PowerPoint.
- Read and make notes from - p. 19-28 in Lynch, M. (2008). Access to History: The People's Republic of China 1949-76 (2nd ed.). Hodder: London - and complete the following questions:
- p. 19 - How did Mao impose himself on the people of China?
- p. 20 - How was Communist authority imposed over mainland China?
- p. 22 - What methods did Mao's government use to extend its political control?
- p. 23 - What methods were used to impose conformity?
- p. 24 - Why was Mao so determined to destroy the middle class?
- p. 24 - How did the registration system enable the government to enforce control?
- p. 25 - What did the case of Gao Gang and Rao Rashi indicate about the nature of the terror?
- p. 26 - What policies did the new government adopt towards the peasants and landlords?
- p. 27 - What was the role of the Politburo?
- p. 27 - How did democratic centralism operate under Mao?
- What was the role of the PLA during the period?
- How did Mao exercise leadership and control in the early 1950's?
- How deep were the coercive aspects of the CCP's rule during this period?
- What impact did the CCP have on the Chinese people during this period?
|
Watch from 19 mins, taking notes on how mao imposed his authority. |
the 'hundred flowers' campaign
'Let a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred ideas contend' - Mao Zedong, 1957
wHAT FORMS OF CRITICISM DID THE CAMPAIGN CREATE AND WHAT WAS THE RESPONSE AND WHY? key debate: did mao use the campaign as a method to flush out opponents of the regime? |
|
|
The Cultural revolution
Lesson Objectives
To assess the historical significance of the Cultural Revolution and its impact on Mao's rule
Lesson Tasks
To assess the historical significance of the Cultural Revolution and its impact on Mao's rule
Lesson Tasks
- Download, read and make notes from this Lesson PowerPoint on the Cultural Revolution.
- Read and make notes from - p.72-103 in Lynch, M. (2008). Access to History: The People's Republic of China 1949-76 (2nd ed.). Hodder: London - and complete the following questions
- p. 73 - What tensions developed within the CCP between 1962-1966?
- p. 73 - How did Lin Biao help to turn Mao into a cult?
- p. 75 - Why was the play, 'The Dismissal of Hai Rui from Office', so significant in the power struggle?
- p. 75 - What differences of opinion within the CCP did the Wu Han affair reveal?
- p. 77 - Why was the creation of the CCRG such a significant move?
- p. 78 - How did the Cultural Revolution develop into a reign of terror?
- p. 78 - Why was Mao's Yangzi swim so significant?
- p. 79 - Why was the August rally so significant in the history of the Cultural Revolution?
- p. 81 - What did Mao identify as the targets for attack?
- p. 81 - What were Mao's motives for subjecting his people to the Cultural Revolution?
- p. 82 - Why was Mao concerned by events in the USSR?
- p. 83 - What concerns did Mao have about the younger members of the CCP?
- p. 83 - How did Mao intend to preserve the peasant character of the revolution?
- p. 84 - Why were Deng and Liu attacked?
- p. 85 - Why did China's young people prove so willing to follow Mao's lead?
- p. 89 - What methods did the Red Guards use to terrify the population?
- p. 89 - What tactics were used to break the will of those arrested?
- p. 93 - What statistics illustrate the scale of the destruction of China's ancient culture?
- p. 95 - What role did the PLA play in the Cultural Revolution?
- p. 95 - How were the energies of the troublesome Red Guards diverted in another direction?
- p. 96 - How did the experience of the young people in the countryside affect their attitude towards Mao and the Cultural Revolution?
- p. 96 - How was the ferocity of the Cultural Revolution maintained after the dispersal of the Red Guards?
- p. 97 - How much blame attaches to Mao for the horrors of the Cultural Revolution?
- p. 98 - In what sense was the Lin Biao affair a turning point in the Cultural Revolution?
- p. 98 - What form did the plot take?
- p. 100 - What consequences followed from Lin Biao's disgrace?
- p. 101 - Why did the intensity of the Cultural Revolution lessen after 1972?
- p. 101 - How did Lin Biao's fall benefit Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping?
- p. 102 - What does the Cultural Revolution indicate about Mao's character and personality?
- Study this worksheet on the historiography of the Cultural Revolution. Read each viewpoint and try to categorise each historian into either: Determinist; Structuralist; or intentionalist.
- What appears to be the main viewpoints on the causes of the cultural revolution?
- Which historiographical viewpoint do you agree with the most and why?
- Copy down details of at least two viewpoints for your notes.
- Finally 'What accounts for the violence of the Cultural Revolution?' Consider your answer to this question
Key Debate:
Was Mao genuinely seeking criticism or was it all a ruse?
What are the ideas of the following historians as to the authenticity of Mao's desire for criticism of the CCP?
Lee Feigon
Jung Chang
Jonathan Spence
Yves Chevrier
What alternative reasons are there for Mao's desire to be seen to be open to criticism?
TOK: To what extent can we arrive at conclusive arguments in history and are revisionist attempts likely to overshadow truth?
Was Mao genuinely seeking criticism or was it all a ruse?
What are the ideas of the following historians as to the authenticity of Mao's desire for criticism of the CCP?
Lee Feigon
Jung Chang
Jonathan Spence
Yves Chevrier
What alternative reasons are there for Mao's desire to be seen to be open to criticism?
TOK: To what extent can we arrive at conclusive arguments in history and are revisionist attempts likely to overshadow truth?
success of mao's economic policies
| 1_key_characters.docx |
| mao_note_taking_handout.docx |
Learning objective: To evaluate the success of Mao's economic policies.
Watch Mao's Bloody Revolution from 25.45, take notes on 'What, How and Why Mao embarked on a Great Leap Forward for China'.
Read the pages in the Access to History Textbook 127 to 130, Take Notes on the aims of Mao's economic policies - to what extent did he succeed in achieving these aims. Why did the Great Leap Forward Fail?
For further analysis of the 'Great Leap Forward' Read the History Today article 'Looking Back on the Great Leap Forward' by Frank Dikotter.
TOK: Mao deserves the title of the 'worst mass murderer in history as a result of the impact of the Great Leap Forward', How can we know what we mean by such a statement?
Watch Mao's Bloody Revolution from 25.45, take notes on 'What, How and Why Mao embarked on a Great Leap Forward for China'.
Read the pages in the Access to History Textbook 127 to 130, Take Notes on the aims of Mao's economic policies - to what extent did he succeed in achieving these aims. Why did the Great Leap Forward Fail?
For further analysis of the 'Great Leap Forward' Read the History Today article 'Looking Back on the Great Leap Forward' by Frank Dikotter.
TOK: Mao deserves the title of the 'worst mass murderer in history as a result of the impact of the Great Leap Forward', How can we know what we mean by such a statement?
|
|
The cultural revolution
Learning Objective: To understand in what ways Mao's cultural Revolution was intended to make his control of China permanent.
Take notes on Mao's motives including fear of opposition within the CCP.
Using a timeline from 1966 to 1976 take notes on the key events of the cultural revolution.
What were the Social, Political and Economic consequences of the cultural revolution?
Watch the section from Mao's bloody revolution starting at 38 minutes and then watch the Frank Dikotter interview for deeper analysis, take notes from both.
Using a timeline from 1966 to 1976 take notes on the key events of the cultural revolution.
What were the Social, Political and Economic consequences of the cultural revolution?
Watch the section from Mao's bloody revolution starting at 38 minutes and then watch the Frank Dikotter interview for deeper analysis, take notes from both.
|
|
|
|
|
| 1_mao_chronological_analysis_debate.docx |