What: The Chinese Civil Wars 1927 to 1937, 1945 to 1949
Why: You will have 2 questions on paper two that will require you to compare and contrast the causes, course and effects of at least 2 civil wars. You will study the Chinese Civil Wars and another Civil War.
How:
1. Using your printed handout or the section from Access to History complete notes on the causes, course and effects of the Chinese Civil War. on one of the two tables below (you decide):
Table 1
Table 2
Why: You will have 2 questions on paper two that will require you to compare and contrast the causes, course and effects of at least 2 civil wars. You will study the Chinese Civil Wars and another Civil War.
How:
1. Using your printed handout or the section from Access to History complete notes on the causes, course and effects of the Chinese Civil War. on one of the two tables below (you decide):
Table 1
Table 2
Causes of the Chinese Civil War/s
Possible Exam questions
Evaluate the economic and political causes of two civil wars, each chosen from a different region.
Discuss the impact of foreign involvement on the outbreak and the course of two civil wars, each chosen from a different region.
With reference to two civil wars, compare and contrast the importance of ideology in (a) causing the civil war, and (b) attracting outside involvement.
Task - Did the Straw break the camel's back? - Causation exercise
Read the following story.......
Once upon a time, there was a camel who went by the name of Cam. After numerous complications during birth, Cam the Camel had been born with severe back problems that would affect him throughout his life. Once Cam completed his camel schooling, he decided to join the traveling circus. Unfortunately for Cam, the circus camel trainer, Mack the Camel Slayer, was one of the most vicious and vengeful individuals you could ever have the misfortune of meeting. When Mack was a young child, he was involved in a nasty incident that included a camel’s foot and his rear end. He hated camels from that moment on and did not trust the “nasty beasts,” as he would like to call them.
After several years in the traveling circus, Cam became the star of the animal review Show that took place every night under the big top, and he became the favorite of all the children. Mack thought that a great way to make a little extra money would be to start selling Cam the Camel rides for fty cents per ride. Unfortunately for Cam, Mack did not place any restrictions on the combined weight of the riders and, thus, often allowed multiple riders to sit on Cam’s back at the same time. He also forced Cam to give rides all day long, without breaks, until the time of the animal review Show each evening. after many months of this, Cam’s back problems began to affect his work. Mack thought that Cam’s work performance was slipping, so he felt the need to discipline Cam by forcing him to sleep outside in the cold without a proper bed.
Cam continued to perform at a high level, but nothing he ever did was good enough for Mack. one day, Mack thought that it would be great to see how many people he could load onto Cam’s back. He thought that he could become famous if he were the one responsible for organizing this feat, and he even began imagining his name in the Guinness Book of World Records and thought about all of the talk shows on which he would appear.
Mack picked up a piece of straw off the ground and started chewing on it as he brashly began to invite people to be a part of history in the making. He was able to load three adults and four children on Cam’s back. Meanwhile, Cam struggled to remain standing and groaned as the weight of his load became overwhelming. Mack stood back and was proud of his efforts to set a new world record. He then took the piece of straw out of his mouth and casually tossed it onto Cam’s back. Cam dropped to his knees, keeled over, and died of massive back collapse.
The main question that arises from all of this is, “Was it the straw that broke the camel’s back?”
So......... was it the straw that broke the camel's back?
Task: Discuss in pairs the causes of the camel's injury. Highlight all of the causes that you can find from the story.
Evaluate the economic and political causes of two civil wars, each chosen from a different region.
Discuss the impact of foreign involvement on the outbreak and the course of two civil wars, each chosen from a different region.
With reference to two civil wars, compare and contrast the importance of ideology in (a) causing the civil war, and (b) attracting outside involvement.
Task - Did the Straw break the camel's back? - Causation exercise
Read the following story.......
Once upon a time, there was a camel who went by the name of Cam. After numerous complications during birth, Cam the Camel had been born with severe back problems that would affect him throughout his life. Once Cam completed his camel schooling, he decided to join the traveling circus. Unfortunately for Cam, the circus camel trainer, Mack the Camel Slayer, was one of the most vicious and vengeful individuals you could ever have the misfortune of meeting. When Mack was a young child, he was involved in a nasty incident that included a camel’s foot and his rear end. He hated camels from that moment on and did not trust the “nasty beasts,” as he would like to call them.
After several years in the traveling circus, Cam became the star of the animal review Show that took place every night under the big top, and he became the favorite of all the children. Mack thought that a great way to make a little extra money would be to start selling Cam the Camel rides for fty cents per ride. Unfortunately for Cam, Mack did not place any restrictions on the combined weight of the riders and, thus, often allowed multiple riders to sit on Cam’s back at the same time. He also forced Cam to give rides all day long, without breaks, until the time of the animal review Show each evening. after many months of this, Cam’s back problems began to affect his work. Mack thought that Cam’s work performance was slipping, so he felt the need to discipline Cam by forcing him to sleep outside in the cold without a proper bed.
Cam continued to perform at a high level, but nothing he ever did was good enough for Mack. one day, Mack thought that it would be great to see how many people he could load onto Cam’s back. He thought that he could become famous if he were the one responsible for organizing this feat, and he even began imagining his name in the Guinness Book of World Records and thought about all of the talk shows on which he would appear.
Mack picked up a piece of straw off the ground and started chewing on it as he brashly began to invite people to be a part of history in the making. He was able to load three adults and four children on Cam’s back. Meanwhile, Cam struggled to remain standing and groaned as the weight of his load became overwhelming. Mack stood back and was proud of his efforts to set a new world record. He then took the piece of straw out of his mouth and casually tossed it onto Cam’s back. Cam dropped to his knees, keeled over, and died of massive back collapse.
The main question that arises from all of this is, “Was it the straw that broke the camel’s back?”
So......... was it the straw that broke the camel's back?
Task: Discuss in pairs the causes of the camel's injury. Highlight all of the causes that you can find from the story.
How do we unpick, categorise and make judgments on the causes of events?
Try this approach
Determine which are necessary causes (N) and which are contributory causes (C).
Necessary causes are any causes that are essential; that the presence of “x” necessarily implies the presence of “y.”
Contributory causes are defined as causes that help to produce an effect, but cannot produce the end results independently.
What about the following categories?
Long term
Short term
Spark
Political
Social
Economic
Religious
Natural
Man-made
Medical
How does this affect your understanding of the causes of the camel's injury?
Task: Produce a graphic display of your understanding of the Camel's injury.
You could use one of the following or your own ideas;
A good explanation needs to do more than just list causes. We need to show how some events affected other events, and show how important different events were. We also need to consider whether different events are different types of causes.
So, have another look at the list of causes of Cam’s death. What ROLE did each factor play in causing Cam’s death?
Pick out at least one or two causes for each group:
1. Starting things off.
What are the early causes of Cam’s death, which had to happen otherwise he would never have died? Which factors created a situation which meant that Cam could go on to die?
2. Speeding things up.
Which causes meant Cam died sooner than he might otherwise have done?
3. Making things bigger.
Which factors made Cam’s problems worse
Determine which are necessary causes (N) and which are contributory causes (C).
Necessary causes are any causes that are essential; that the presence of “x” necessarily implies the presence of “y.”
Contributory causes are defined as causes that help to produce an effect, but cannot produce the end results independently.
What about the following categories?
Long term
Short term
Spark
Political
Social
Economic
Religious
Natural
Man-made
Medical
How does this affect your understanding of the causes of the camel's injury?
Task: Produce a graphic display of your understanding of the Camel's injury.
You could use one of the following or your own ideas;
- hierarchical graphic organizers,
- sequential graphic organizers,
- Venn Diagrams,
- fact webs,
- event chains,
- pictographs.
A good explanation needs to do more than just list causes. We need to show how some events affected other events, and show how important different events were. We also need to consider whether different events are different types of causes.
So, have another look at the list of causes of Cam’s death. What ROLE did each factor play in causing Cam’s death?
Pick out at least one or two causes for each group:
1. Starting things off.
What are the early causes of Cam’s death, which had to happen otherwise he would never have died? Which factors created a situation which meant that Cam could go on to die?
2. Speeding things up.
Which causes meant Cam died sooner than he might otherwise have done?
3. Making things bigger.
Which factors made Cam’s problems worse
Try another example
Read the following story and determine which causes immediately caused John’s death and which were underlying factors.
Just before midnight one dark and stormy night, a man called John Smith, an engine mechanic, was sitting in an isolated cabin in the woods. As he reached for a cigarette, he noticed he had only one left. Glancing at his watch, he realized that he had just enough time to hop in his car, and drive to the gas station down the road to buy cigarettes before it closed. As his car pulled out of his driveway and onto the highway, it was hit by his neighbour, who, returning from a long night of drinking, was unable to stop his car soon enough on the icy road. Smith was killed instantly. Later, as the townspeople were discussing the sad event, they shook their heads one after another and said, “We always knew that smoking would kill Smith.” It is worth noting that local officials had long been warned of the dangers of that part of the highway, especially in winter, and yet they seemed uninterested in doing anything about it. Apparently because the residents of that part of the town did not have any influence with local authorities. Others wondered if the liquor laws had been more faithfully enforced in the town whether the neighbour who smashed into Smith would have been as drunk as he was.
Just before midnight one dark and stormy night, a man called John Smith, an engine mechanic, was sitting in an isolated cabin in the woods. As he reached for a cigarette, he noticed he had only one left. Glancing at his watch, he realized that he had just enough time to hop in his car, and drive to the gas station down the road to buy cigarettes before it closed. As his car pulled out of his driveway and onto the highway, it was hit by his neighbour, who, returning from a long night of drinking, was unable to stop his car soon enough on the icy road. Smith was killed instantly. Later, as the townspeople were discussing the sad event, they shook their heads one after another and said, “We always knew that smoking would kill Smith.” It is worth noting that local officials had long been warned of the dangers of that part of the highway, especially in winter, and yet they seemed uninterested in doing anything about it. Apparently because the residents of that part of the town did not have any influence with local authorities. Others wondered if the liquor laws had been more faithfully enforced in the town whether the neighbour who smashed into Smith would have been as drunk as he was.
Writing about causation
How do we ensure that we show our thinking and categorization and judgments in our written work?
We show our thinking and expertise by selecting relevant words that explain our decision making. Using the literacy sheet attached write an answer to the following question.
To what extent did the straw break the camel's back?
We show our thinking and expertise by selecting relevant words that explain our decision making. Using the literacy sheet attached write an answer to the following question.
To what extent did the straw break the camel's back?
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The Chinese Civil War - Causation
Task: List all of the causes of the Chinese Civil War that you can think of.
Categories the causes using the following categories;
Long term
Short term
Spark
Political
Social
Economic
Religious
Natural
Man-made
Medical
Task: Try to decide which of the causes were necessary causes (N) and which are contributory causes (C).
Necessary causes are any causes that are essential; that the presence of “x” necessarily implies the presence of “y.”
Contributory causes are defined as causes that help to produce an effect, but cannot produce the end results independently.
Task: Now think about which causes;
1. Started things off.
2. Sped things up.
3. Made things bigger.
Task: Answer the question - To what extent was foreign involvement a direct cause of the Chinese Civil War? (you can refer to one or both episodes of civil war)
Categories the causes using the following categories;
Long term
Short term
Spark
Political
Social
Economic
Religious
Natural
Man-made
Medical
Task: Try to decide which of the causes were necessary causes (N) and which are contributory causes (C).
Necessary causes are any causes that are essential; that the presence of “x” necessarily implies the presence of “y.”
Contributory causes are defined as causes that help to produce an effect, but cannot produce the end results independently.
Task: Now think about which causes;
1. Started things off.
2. Sped things up.
3. Made things bigger.
Task: Answer the question - To what extent was foreign involvement a direct cause of the Chinese Civil War? (you can refer to one or both episodes of civil war)
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Test yourself
Try the interactive quiz below
logon: bish
Pasword: bish123
logon: bish
Pasword: bish123
https://www.activehistory.co.uk/main_area/games/interactive_table/frameset.htm?yr12_mao
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Essay Challenge
Here are three possible essay questions. One will be chosen at random next lesson and you will complete the essay – without notes, in examination conditions – in one hour.
You may spend some time as a class talking through possible approaches to each question.
1. To what extent was foreign involvement a direct cause of the Chinese Civil War? (you can refer to one or both episodes of civil war)
2. Assess the impact of foreign intervention on the outcome of one civil war.
3. “Social and economic conditions are ultimately more important than political and military factors in determining the outcome of civil wars” – do you agree?