The Norman invasion and its impact
Enquiry Questions
- Analyse the reasons why William I, Duke of Normandy, was able to conquer and control England. (Nov 2011)
- “Military power was not the most important way in which William I (1066–1087) consolidated his authority in England.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? (Nov 2012)
- Analyse the methods by which William I established his authority in England. (May 2011)
- “William I (King of England 1066–87) was an extremely successful ruler.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? (Nov 2013)
- To what extent did the Norman invasion change the government and administration of England? (May 2016)
Key Learning: How sophisticated was anglo-saxon england?
Key Learning: Contenders to the throne in 1066
Group task
•Get into groups of 3
•Each group will be assigned a part of the story of the build up to 1066.
•You should read the literature provided and analyse the key learning.
•Prepare a presentation and notes hand out for your peers.
•Presentations will take place next Thursday.
•Each group will be assigned a part of the story of the build up to 1066.
•You should read the literature provided and analyse the key learning.
•Prepare a presentation and notes hand out for your peers.
•Presentations will take place next Thursday.
Edward the Confessor
| the_english_kings.pdf |
Harold Godwinson
| the_godwins.pdf |
William Duke of Normandy
| william_duke_of_normandy.pdf |
Key Learning: The Norman invasion1066
1066 - a year of Three battles
|
|
|
|
Why did William dUKE OF nORMANDY WIN THE BATTLE OF hastings?
Key Questions:
1. To what extent was the Anglo-Saxon army incapable of dealing with a double invasion?
2. The Battle of Hastings was lost by Harold rather than won by William. How far do you agree with this statement?
1. To what extent was the Anglo-Saxon army incapable of dealing with a double invasion?
2. The Battle of Hastings was lost by Harold rather than won by William. How far do you agree with this statement?
Contemporary accounts of the year 1066
You are going to write an account of the year 1066 only using the surviving contemporary sources. After you have written your account you should reflect on 'the Learner Cycle' and the TOK questions below.
| history_tok.pptx |
| challenges_of_the_historian.pptx |
Key Learning: How Did the Normans Secure the Kingdom?
Watch the Second Episode in the Normans series 'Conquest'
What: How did the Normans secure the Kingdom?
How:Take notes from a documentary source, once you have identified from the textbook the main ways that William secured his Kingdom.
Why: You should understand the process of the Norman Conquest and how William's actions were responses to actions.
What: How did the Normans secure the Kingdom?
How:Take notes from a documentary source, once you have identified from the textbook the main ways that William secured his Kingdom.
Why: You should understand the process of the Norman Conquest and how William's actions were responses to actions.
Study Notes - Rebellions
| study_section_5_revision_essentials.pptx |
| study_section_5.doc |
Methods used by William to deal with rebellions
|
|
| ||||||
|
|
| ||||||
| basic_powerpoint_-_je_suis.pptx |
Summary Questions
1. How did the rebellions of 1067-72 change William's attitude towards his new kingdom?
2. How important were castles in securing Norman rule?
http://www.historyextra.com/article/bbc-history-magazine/castles-william-the-conqueror-norman-conquest-1066
3. To what extent was the Norman conquest of England complete by 1100?
2. How important were castles in securing Norman rule?
http://www.historyextra.com/article/bbc-history-magazine/castles-william-the-conqueror-norman-conquest-1066
3. To what extent was the Norman conquest of England complete by 1100?
Additional Reading
Read the following essays and summarize the arguments that they give.
| conquest_history.pdf |
| a-how-far-do-these-sources-support-the-view-expressed-in-source-one-that-in.pdf |
| are-knights-and-castles-a-sufficient-explanation-for-norman-military-succes.pdf |
Answer the following questions and hand them in to your teacher
After the Conquest – How did William establish and consolidate control over England?
What methods did William use to deal with the rebellions 1067 – 1075?
Which rebellion do you think caused the greatest threat to William and why?
Fear or conciliation? Which method did William used best?
To what extent did the rebellions in England HELP William consolidate his position?
How important were castles in securing Norman rule?
Why were the English unable to prevent the Norman invasion?
At what point would you argue that the Norman conquest was complete?
What methods did William use to deal with the rebellions 1067 – 1075?
Which rebellion do you think caused the greatest threat to William and why?
Fear or conciliation? Which method did William used best?
To what extent did the rebellions in England HELP William consolidate his position?
How important were castles in securing Norman rule?
Why were the English unable to prevent the Norman invasion?
At what point would you argue that the Norman conquest was complete?
Writing a Paper Three Essay - Support
| history_essay_planner_-_ib.docx |
Key Learning: To what extent were there continuities in the norman governance of england?
What: Continuities and Changes in Norman Government
Why: In History we not only need to be able to identify what stayed the same and what changes, but also be able to explain why.
How: Research using primary sources and text
Why: In History we not only need to be able to identify what stayed the same and what changes, but also be able to explain why.
How: Research using primary sources and text
| continuties_in_norman_government_of_england.docx |
Complete the below table using the textbook Medieval England 1042 to 1228, Chapter 5. and the chapter in the file below - Holland.
Did William Introduce Feudalism to England?
What does the Domesday Book tell us about the impact of the Norman Conquest?
The Domesday Book 1085-86
What: What was the role of the Domesday Book in securing William's control over England?
How: Research using a variety of digital resources.
How: Research using a variety of digital resources.
Source 1 : Simplified transcript of Extract of page from Vol. 1 of Great Domesday, showing survey entry of Preston Hundred in Sussex, (Catalogue ref: E 31/2/1, f.26b)
In PRESTON Hundred
William holds PATCHAM himself, in lordship. Earl Harold held it before 1066. Then it answered for 60 hides; now for 40.
Land for 80 ploughs. In lordship 8 ploughs;
163 villagers and 45 smallholders with 82 ploughs;
A church; 6 slaves; 10 shepherds; meadow, 84 acres;
woodland, 100 pigs; 26 sites in Lewes at 13s.
Richard holds 7 hides of this land; and a man-at-arms of his 1/2 hides. In lordship they have 2 ploughs, with
2 smallholders.
Total value before 1066 £100; later £50; now £80.
In PRESTON Hundred
William holds PATCHAM himself, in lordship. Earl Harold held it before 1066. Then it answered for 60 hides; now for 40.
Land for 80 ploughs. In lordship 8 ploughs;
163 villagers and 45 smallholders with 82 ploughs;
A church; 6 slaves; 10 shepherds; meadow, 84 acres;
woodland, 100 pigs; 26 sites in Lewes at 13s.
Richard holds 7 hides of this land; and a man-at-arms of his 1/2 hides. In lordship they have 2 ploughs, with
2 smallholders.
Total value before 1066 £100; later £50; now £80.
How was the Rural and urban societies changed by the conquest?
How did William I conquer the church?
| 25_shirley_history_norman_conquest_of_the_church.pdf |
Essay practice: To what extent did the Norman Invasion impact the governance and administration of England?
| essay_rubric.doc |
Basic supporting Notes
| governance_of_england_final.docx |
| impact_of_the_norman_conquest_revision.doc |
Essay Sample 1
Read the sample essay below and critique the answer. What do you like about the essay? Is it well structured? How well does the writer use paragraphs? Is there a clear argument? Do you agree with the argument? Are there any areas of weakness or important points missing? Does the writer use the views of Historians to support points made?
| how-far-did-william-change-the-government-and-administration-of-england.doc |
The DEATH OF wILLIAM rUFUS MYSTERY... SEE RESOURCES...
How did society change after the conquest?
Introduction: So far we have largely looked at political changes to government in the years that immediately followed the Norman Conquest. We have not looked at the wider social changes of how the Conquest affected people in England after 1066.
By the end of this topic you will be able to explain how far Feudalism was a new concept to the English and whether the Norman Conquest was a good thing for the people of England.
By the end of this topic you will be able to explain how far Feudalism was a new concept to the English and whether the Norman Conquest was a good thing for the people of England.
"To what extent is counterfactual history a useful endeavour for the historian?
Creating an HISTORICAL re-enactment - Oundle, Northamptonshire
Now that you have a knowledge of some of the key ideas of the topic you are going to synthesise and apply all of these in a re-enactment. In groups of four you are going to write a script to represent some of the dynamics in English social life during the period immediately after the conquest. You should ensure that you have a representative range of 'characters' that would have lived in Oundle and ensure that you use all of the key terms appropriately and develop a picture of village life that is based in the historical accounts and represents the diversity of village life around the year 1100.
You should record your re-enactment conversations for presentation to the rest of the class.
You should record your re-enactment conversations for presentation to the rest of the class.
Key Learning: The Reign of William Rufus 1087 - 1100
Key Learning: How successful was the reign of Henry i?
What: How successful was Henry I's reign?
What did it mean to be a successful medieval king?
How: Research, identify successes and failures, evaluate
Why: Henry in some respects marked a change from his father and brothers, being able to identify change is a key aspect of becoming a better historian.
What did it mean to be a successful medieval king?
How: Research, identify successes and failures, evaluate
Why: Henry in some respects marked a change from his father and brothers, being able to identify change is a key aspect of becoming a better historian.
|
|
|
| how_successful_a_norman_king_was_henry_i.docx |
Henry I - Class debate
Please find below key reading on the reign of Henry I
| henry_i-_establishing_authority.pdf |
| clanchy_-_pre_reading.pdf |
| huscroft_pre-reading.pdf |
| carpenter_-_pre-reading.pdf |
Key Learning: why was stephen's reign such a failure?
Today you are going to investigate why the reign of King Stephen is regarded many historians as a failure.
This looks at the issue of cause and effect, what were the causes that led to so many of the difficulties of Stephen's reign?
The table below supports you in explaining why certain factors led to problems for King Stephen.
This looks at the issue of cause and effect, what were the causes that led to so many of the difficulties of Stephen's reign?
The table below supports you in explaining why certain factors led to problems for King Stephen.
|
|
| why_was_king_stephen’s_reign_so_disastrous.docx |
The mEDIEVAL mIND
"The past is a foreign country, they do things differently there"
The Medieval Mind was very different to our own. The period which you are going to study preceded renaissance humanism and the rationality and scientific principles of the Enlightenment. The writer L.P Hartley's line "The past is a foreign country, they do things differently there" is never truer than for the student of the early Medieval period. The absence of strong centralized state government meant that violence was endemic in everyday life, death was ever present due to famine, war and pestilence. Life was "Nasty, brutish and short" for many. As such the role of the afterlife had a particularly important place and the role of the Church was central in Medieval thinking in explaining the world around them.
Reading and inference task: Read through the two contemporary sources and discuss the questions below:
Reading and inference task: Read through the two contemporary sources and discuss the questions below:
Excerpt from the Venerable Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People (London: Penguin Books, 1990, pages 130-31), as reproduced in English translation. This text is Bede's account of the Anglo-Saxon's religious beliefs around the year 627 A.D.
Book 2, Chapter 13:
He [the King] summoned a council of the wise men, and asked each in turn his opinion of this strange doctrine [Christianity] and this new way of worshipping the godhead that was being proclaimed to them.
Coifi, the chief Priest, replied without hesitation: "Your Majesty, let us give careful consideration to this new teaching.
"For I frankly admit that, in my experience, the religion that we have hitherto professed seems valueless and powerless. None of your subjects has been more devoted to the service of our gods than myself; yet there are many to whom you show greater favor, who receive greater honors, and who are more successful in all their undertakings. Now, if the gods had any power, they would surely have favored myself, who have been more zealous in their service. Therefore, if on examination you perceive that these new teachings are better and more effectual, let us not hesitate to accept them."
Another of the king's chief men signified his agreement with this prudent argument, and went on to say: "Your Majesty, when we compare the present life of man on earth with that time of which we have no knowledge, it seems to me like the swift flight of a single sparrow through the banqueting- hall where you are sitting at dinner on a winter's day with your thegns and counselors. In the midst there is a comforting fire to warm the hall; outside, the storms of winter rain or snow are raging. This sparrow flies swiftly in through one door of the hall, and out through another. While he is inside, he is safe from the winter storms; but after a few moments of comfort, he
vanishes from sight into the wintry world from which he came. Even so, man appears on earth for a little while; but of what went before this life or of what follows, we know nothing. Therefore, if this new teaching has brought any more certain knowledge, it seems only right that we should follow it." The other elders and counselors of the king under God's guidance, gave similar advice.
- What was the pre Christian view of religion?
- Why did Christianity appeal to the chieftains of Anglo-Saxon England?
- What allegory is used to describe life on earth?
Excerpt from a Twelfth Century troubadours song, the troubadour was probably in the service of the petty nobleman Perigord, Bertrand de Born.
'I love the gay Eastertide which brings forth leaves and flowers. And I love the joyous songs of the birds, re-echoing through the copse. But, I also love to see amidst the meadows, tents and pavilions spread, and it gives me great joy to see, drawn up on the field, knights and horses in battle array: and it delights me when scouts scatter people and herds in their path; and I love to see them followed by a great body of men-at-arms; and my heart is filled with gladness when I see castles besieged; and the stockades broken and overwhelmed; and the warriors on the bank; girt about the losses; with a line of long stakes interlaced. Maces, Swords, helms of different hues , shields that that will be riven and shattered as soon as the fight begins; and many vassals struck down together; and the horses of the dead and the wounded roving at random. and when the battle is joined, let all men of good lineage think of naught but the breaking of heads and arms; for it is better to die than be vanquished and live. I tell you I find no such savour in food, or in wine, or in sleep, as in hearing the shout "On!On!" from both sides, and the neighing of steeds that have lost their riders, and the cries of "Help! Help!"; in seeing men men great and small go down on the grass beyond the losses; in seeing at last the dead, with the pennoned stumps of lances still in their sides.'
'I love the gay Eastertide which brings forth leaves and flowers. And I love the joyous songs of the birds, re-echoing through the copse. But, I also love to see amidst the meadows, tents and pavilions spread, and it gives me great joy to see, drawn up on the field, knights and horses in battle array: and it delights me when scouts scatter people and herds in their path; and I love to see them followed by a great body of men-at-arms; and my heart is filled with gladness when I see castles besieged; and the stockades broken and overwhelmed; and the warriors on the bank; girt about the losses; with a line of long stakes interlaced. Maces, Swords, helms of different hues , shields that that will be riven and shattered as soon as the fight begins; and many vassals struck down together; and the horses of the dead and the wounded roving at random. and when the battle is joined, let all men of good lineage think of naught but the breaking of heads and arms; for it is better to die than be vanquished and live. I tell you I find no such savour in food, or in wine, or in sleep, as in hearing the shout "On!On!" from both sides, and the neighing of steeds that have lost their riders, and the cries of "Help! Help!"; in seeing men men great and small go down on the grass beyond the losses; in seeing at last the dead, with the pennoned stumps of lances still in their sides.'
- What does the troubadours song tell you about the nature of medieval war?
- Why did knights partake in war, what motivated them?
- What problems did these activities bring on Medieval society?