Topics in Economic Development

The Role of Domestic factors:

By the end of this subtopic 4.3 The role of domestic factors, you should be able to:
Examine, with reference to a specific developing economy, and using appropriate diagrams where relevant, how the following factors contribute to economic development:

1. Infrastructure and appropriate technology
2. Low human capital and dependence on the Primary sector
3. International market access and the informal economy
4. Capital flight and indebtedness
5. Geographic barriers
6. Political barriers
7. Institutional barriers: legal systems and property rights
9. Institutional barriers: Tax structures and banking systems
10. Socio-cultural barriers

1 and 2: Health and Education

3: Infrastructure

4, 5 and 7 Institutions: Political Stability, lack of corruption, Legal system and Taxation

6: Financial system and access to credit and micro-credit

8: Use of appropriate technology

Wear glasses. Earn more
"AT THE end of the day I would be anxious," says Anil Awasthi, a 44-year-old garment worker in Delhi, "thinking what mistakes of mine would be pointed out." He was worried about what was going to happen as his sight deteriorated, until-courtesy of VisionSpring, an American social enterprise-he got reading glasses.

9. Empowerment of women

The problems of family planning in Nigeria
NOT everyone thinks birth control is a blessing. Boko Haram, a jihadist group that terrorises north-eastern Nigeria, deems artificial contraception to be a product of infidel learning, and therefore forbidden.

Making room for girls
IN THIS week's print edition we look at an important issue in development economics: how to reduce the gap between the number of girls and boys being educated in poor countries. Economists see reducing sexual inequality in education as a vital part of promoting development.

10. Income distribution

A cross section of other interesting development clips and resources....

Roots of development
ECONOMIC growth in poor countries, it seems reasonable to suppose, depends on getting lots of different things right, and probably on a generous measure of good luck as well. Is it possible to say which factor or factors matter most?

The scale of corruption in Africa
IN AMERICA, a common complaint of civil-rights activists is that the police treat "driving while black" like a crime. In many countries in Africa, the same crime is simply "driving". The trouble is not discrimination, but rather that police officers stop motorists on flimsy pretexts in the hope of extracting bribes.

GROUP 3

GROUP 6

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Barriers to economic development

Barriers to Economic Growth and Development from tutor2u

By the end of The role of international trade, you should be able to:

With reference to specific examples, explain how the following factors are barriers to development for economically less developed countries:
1. Over-specialisation on a narrow range of products
2. Price volatility of primary products
3. Inability to access international markets.
With reference to specific examples, evaluate each of the following as a means of achieving economic growth and economic development:
1. Import substitution
2. Export promotion
3. Trade liberalisation
4. The role of the WTO
5. Bilateral and regional preferential trade agreements
6. Diversification

OXFORD PAGES 367-377
CAMB 477-498

1. Explain how each of the following may prevent developing countries from achieving economic growth:

Overspecialisation in a narrow range of products
Volatile commodity prices
Trade protection in more developed countries

2. Compare and contrast import substitution with export promotion policies
3. Explain how diversification may help a developing country to achieve economic growth.